This First Assessment & Feasibility Report is prepared for the forest nursery of Uzun State Forest Management (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi) in line with the Technical Disposition for the Design, Upgrading, and Preparation of Forest Nurseries in Uzbekistan (RESILAND CA+ Nursery Framework – RNF). It has been developed as an integral component of the consultancy services under Contract No. LRP/IC/08, titled “International Consultant to Provide Technical Expertise for the Design, Upgrading, and Preparation of Nine (9) Forestry Nurseries.”

To this end, Mr. İsmail Belen, International Consultant, conducted a field mission to the Uzun Forest Nursery located within the administrative boundaries of Sariosiyo District, Surxondaryo Region, on Friday, 6 February 2026, and finalized the present First Assessment & Feasibility Report in full compliance with contractual obligations and in close coordination with the Agency for Forest and Green Area Expansion and Combating Desertification and the Surxondaryo Regional Forestry Administration.

With the completion of this report, Phase 4 – Assessment & Feasibility for the Uzun Forest Nursery has been formally concluded. Subject to the approval of the RESILAND CA++ Project Implementation Unit (PIU), the project will proceed to the following implementation stages:

Phase 5 – Nursery Design: Preparation of Detailed Nursery Designs
Phase 6 – Technical Specifications & BoQ: Development of Technical Specifications and Bills of Quantities
Phase 7 – Validation & Training: Second Field Mission for Validation and Capacity Building

1. Introduction, Context and Policy Framework

1.1 Strategic Positioning of the Uzun Nursery within RESILAND CA++

The Uzun State Forest Management Forest Nursery (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi), located within the administrative boundaries of Sariosiyo District, Surxondaryo Region, is one of the nine (9) priority state forestry nurseries selected under the Uzbekistan Resilient Landscapes Restoration Project (RESILAND CA++).

The inclusion of Uzun among the nine target nurseries reflects its strategic importance in addressing a fundamental structural constraint in Uzbekistan’s restoration agenda: the insufficient and inconsistent supply of high-quality, climate-resilient planting material adapted to the mountainous, foothill, and semi-arid ecological conditions of Surxondaryo Region, particularly within the Sariosiyo landscape.

Under RESILAND CA++, nurseries are not treated as auxiliary facilities supporting isolated planting campaigns. They are conceived as core public production infrastructure, forming the biological and operational backbone of large-scale landscape restoration. In this context, the Uzun Forest Nursery contributes directly to the Project Development Objective (PDO) of bringing 280,000 hectares under sustainable landscape management.

The nursery’s strategic role aligns with two core project components:

• Sub-component 1.1 – Strengthen Institutions and Policies
Supporting legal and regulatory reforms, including the Draft Forest Code, standardization of nursery operations, seed certification systems, and science-based ecological planning frameworks.

• Sub-component 2.1 – Enhance Tree-based Landscape Restoration and Management
Ensuring the production and supply of site-matched, climate-resilient planting material required for agroforestry systems, reforestation, farmer-managed natural regeneration (FNR), protective forest belts, watershed stabilization, pasture rehabilitation, and ecosystem service-oriented interventions.

Within the RESILAND CA++ results chain, the Uzun Forest Nursery functions as:

• An enabling infrastructure linking national policy reform to field-level implementation;
• A risk-reduction mechanism, minimizing plantation failure rates through improved species-site matching and seedling quality control;
• A scalable production platform, supporting corridor-based and regionally differentiated restoration strategies across Surxondaryo Region and adjacent mountainous ecological zones.

1.2 Alignment with the Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy and National Environmental Priorities

The Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy (Presidential Decree No. UP-158, 11 September 2023) establishes binding national targets under Articles 67–71 related to afforestation, erosion control, biodiversity conservation, climate adaptation, and Aral Sea region restoration.

Key quantified national commitments include:

• Planting 200 million seedlings annually;
• Increasing green area coverage to 30%;
• Expanding forest area to 6.1 million hectares;
• Establishing 600,000 hectares of climate-protective green areas;
• Restoring 2.6 million hectares in the Aral Sea region;
• Increasing tree and shrub seed harvesting by 840 tonnes.

These targets require a permanent, technically robust nursery system capable of producing large volumes of diverse, climate-adapted planting material suited to Uzbekistan’s varied ecological zones, including mountainous and foothill regions.

The Uzun State Forest Management Forest Nursery (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi), located within Sariosiyo District, Surxondaryo Region, directly supports:

• Article 67 – “Yashil Makon” National Project expansion;
• Article 68 – Forest area expansion and protective forest establishment;
• Article 70 – Climate change adaptation and desertification control, particularly in erosion-prone and water-stressed southern landscapes;
• Article 71 – Biodiversity conservation and medicinal plant cultivation, including species adapted to mountainous and foothill ecosystems.

The nursery therefore operationalizes national commitments by translating quantified afforestation targets into biologically viable, quality-controlled seedling production and supply systems aligned with the regional ecological conditions of Surxondaryo Region, particularly its mountainous, pasture-dominated, and erosion-sensitive landscapes.

1.3 District Context: Uzun / Sariosiyo District, Surxondaryo Region

Official administrative data were accessed in February 2026 through the Government Portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan (gov.uz). The following official sources were consulted:

• Sariosiyo District Administration (Surxondaryo Region)
Surxondaryo Viloyati Sariosiyo Tumani Hokimligi
https://gov.uz/oz/sariosiyo

• Uzun Territorial Forestry Administration (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi)
(Operating under Surxondaryo Regional Forestry structures)

• Surxondaryo Regional Administration
Surxondaryo Viloyati Hokimligi
https://gov.uz/oz/surxondaryo

The Uzun Forest Nursery is located within the administrative boundaries of Sariosiyo District, Surxondaryo Region, in the southern part of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Surxondaryo Region represents Uzbekistan’s southernmost administrative unit and borders Afghanistan to the south and Tajikistan to the east, which increases the strategic importance of afforestation and landscape stabilization activities in the area.

The district context is characterized by a mountain–foothill transition landscape, mixed agricultural–pastoral land use patterns, and ecologically sensitive watershed systems, distinguishing it significantly from lowland irrigated regions.

1.3.1 Geographic Location and Elevation Profile

Uzun (Sariosiyo District) is located in the south-eastern part of the Republic of Uzbekistan within Surxondaryo Region. The district forms part of the Surxondaryo River basin and represents a foothill–agricultural transition landscape, where forestry, agriculture, and pasture-related land uses coexist. This geographic setting shapes both environmental conditions and development dynamics relevant to nursery establishment and restoration planning.

The Uzun Forest Nursery (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ko‘chatxonasi) is positioned within the administrative boundaries of Sariosiyo District (Sariosiyo tumani), Surxondaryo Region (Surxondaryo viloyati), at approximately 38°22’56” N; 67°58’23” E, and an elevation of approximately 560 m above sea level. The nursery is located within and immediately adjacent to the administrative compound of the Uzun State Forestry Directorate (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ma’muriy binosi) in the Sariosiyo town center, which provides direct institutional oversight and access to municipal infrastructure.

The immediate surroundings therefore reflect an urban–institutional campus setting (administrative facilities, internal service areas, and town-scale road access), rather than a dispersed rural agricultural landscape. Within the nursery parcel, the terrain is generally flat to gently leveled, enabling efficient nursery operations, mechanized movement, structured internal circulation, and the installation and modernization of irrigation and drainage systems with minimal earthworks.

Climatically, the Uzun area is characterized by a continental regime with hot and dry summers and relatively mild winters. These conditions increase the importance of efficient water management, microclimate protection measures, and species-site matching to maintain seedling performance under heat and evapotranspiration stress.

Hydrologically, the nursery area lies within the Surxondaryo Basin and is supported by irrigation canals used for agricultural production. Planned and existing infrastructure includes a water reservoir (approximately 10 × 5 m) and a pumping station (approximately 3 × 3 m). Water availability is considered adequate, provided that seasonal demand and operational scheduling are managed effectively.

The Uzun Forest Nursery is located within the Surxondaryo River basin (Surxondaryo havzasi), which forms part of the greater Amu Darya basin system in southern Uzbekistan. The basin constitutes one of the principal hydrological systems supporting agricultural production, rural livelihoods, and ecosystem stability in Surxondaryo Region.

According to the World Bank Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) for Uzbekistan, southern regions are increasingly exposed to rising temperatures, intensified evapotranspiration, and seasonal water stress, which heighten vulnerability in irrigation-dependent landscapes such as Surxondaryo (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40382).

Water availability in the Surxondaryo Basin is influenced by mountain-fed river systems and regulated irrigation infrastructure. The World Bank’s water security and resilience assessments underline that Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector accounts for approximately 90% of total water withdrawals, reflecting the country’s structural dependence on managed surface water systems (https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099062424121035288/pdf/P170030-356bad97-a463-43e5-9ce8-fc808f542aeb.pdf).

Data from FAO AQUASTAT confirm that irrigation dominates national water use patterns in Uzbekistan and that river basins such as Surxondaryo are critical for sustaining agricultural and land-based production systems (https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/countries-and-basins/country-profiles/country/UZB).

Seasonal variability in river discharge, combined with increasing climate pressure, makes water governance and irrigation modernization central priorities. The World Bank Irrigation Modernization Project emphasizes the need for improved irrigation efficiency, drainage management, and basin-level infrastructure upgrades to reduce vulnerability to water shortages and climate-induced stress (https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P178340).

At the national level, basin management and irrigation policy are overseen by the Ministry of Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan (https://water.gov.uz), while hydrometeorological monitoring and climate data are provided by the Hydrometeorological Service of Uzbekistan (Uzhydromet) (https://hydromet.uz).

In the context of nursery development in Uzun, the Surxondaryo Basin’s hydrological characteristics directly influence irrigation planning, seasonal water storage requirements, water-use efficiency technologies, and species selection criteria. Sustainable nursery operation therefore depends on reliable canal supply, efficient pumping systems, and careful alignment with basin-level water management realities.

In sum, Uzun represents a foothill–agricultural basin landscape where land productivity, irrigation management, and protective forestry are interdependent. In this context, a technically robust nursery is a key enabling asset for afforestation, shelterbelt establishment, and landscape stabilization activities.

1.3.2 Climate and Temperature Regime

Uzun (Sariosiyo District) is characterized by a continental climate with strong summer heat influence, typical of southern Surxondaryo Region. Unlike lowland steppe systems, Uzun’s climatic regime is shaped by its foothill setting (approximately 560 meters above sea level) and its transitional position between mountain-influenced air masses and irrigated agricultural plains. This setting intensifies summer heat exposure and evapotranspiration dynamics, while moderating extreme winter cold compared to higher elevations.

The regional climatic norms indicate the following parameters:

• Mean annual temperature: approximately 16–18°C
• Average July temperature: 30–34°C
• Peak summer temperatures: frequently exceed 40°C
• Average January temperature: 2°C to +6°C
• Absolute winter minima: occasionally below –10°C

Annual precipitation averages approximately 300–400 mm, depending on elevation and seasonal variation. Rainfall distribution is markedly seasonal, with precipitation concentrated during:

• Late autumn
• Winter
• Early spring

Summer months are generally hot and dry, characterized by intense solar radiation, high evapotranspiration rates, low relative humidity, and prolonged heat stress periods. These climatic conditions create seasonal water deficits during the main vegetation period, particularly from May through September.

Given the prevailing climatic conditions in Uzun, nursery establishment and operation require climate-adaptive technical planning. The following considerations are critical:

Irrigation Dependency
Nursery production is functionally dependent on managed irrigation systems throughout the growing season, especially during peak summer months when precipitation is negligible.
Microclimate and Shade Management
Installation of shade systems and microclimate control structures is essential to protect seedlings from extreme heat stress exceeding 40°C, particularly in open-field production areas.
Species Selection Strategy
Priority should be given to heat- and drought-tolerant species adapted to foothill and semi-arid conditions, capable of maintaining physiological stability under high evapotranspiration stress.
Wind Protection Measures
Establishment or reinforcement of windbreak systems is recommended to reduce surface evaporation, protect young seedlings, and stabilize nursery microclimatic conditions.
Production System Typology
Integration of containerized (closed-root) production systems is strongly recommended, as they improve water-use efficiency, reduce transplant shock, and enhance survival rates under high-temperature regimes.
Water-Use Efficiency Technologies
Adoption of drip or micro-sprinkler irrigation systems is critical to optimize water consumption, ensure uniform moisture distribution, and reduce evaporative losses under high summer heat conditions.

In conclusion, Uzun’s climatic conditions impose structural heat stress and seasonal water deficit risks on nursery operations. However, with appropriate irrigation management, microclimate control, species-site matching, and modern production systems, these climate constraints can be effectively mitigated, enabling sustainable and climate-resilient nursery development within the Surxondaryo Basin context.

1.3.3 Soil Characteristics

Soil conditions in Uzun (Sariosiyo District) and its surrounding foothill–agricultural landscape are shaped by semi-arid climatic conditions, colluvial–alluvial deposition processes within the Surxondaryo Basin, and long-term irrigated agriculture combined with pasture use. Unlike lowland alluvial plains, Uzun is situated within a foothill transition zone (approximately 560 m elevation), where soil formation is influenced by slope processes, seasonal runoff, irrigation practices, and localized groundwater dynamics.

The dominant soil groups in the Uzun foothill zone include sierozem (grey desert) soils and foothill alluvial–colluvial soils, characteristic of southern Uzbekistan’s semi-arid environments. These soils typically exhibit light to medium texture (loam to sandy loam) with moderate structural stability, forming the principal agricultural and forestry substrate of the district.

(FAO AQUASTAT – Uzbekistan Country Profile:
https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/countries-and-basins/country-profiles/country/UZB)

In irrigated parcels near canal systems, alluvial and irrigated meadow-type soils are observed, formed through fluvial deposition combined with long-term irrigation practices. However, under conditions of high evapotranspiration and inefficient drainage, localized salinity accumulation may occur, particularly where groundwater tables fluctuate.

(World Bank – Irrigation and Drainage Sector Review, Uzbekistan:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40382)

Compared to fully lowland systems, Uzun’s soils are more strongly influenced by slope gradients, erosion processes, and seasonal runoff, which introduce additional variability in texture and depth. Calcareous subsoil horizons are common, potentially affecting nutrient mobility (especially phosphorus) and influencing root penetration characteristics. Soil organic matter content is generally low to moderate, reflecting semi-arid climatic constraints and long-term cultivation patterns.

Drainage conditions vary depending on both slope and irrigation efficiency. In properly managed areas, natural slope facilitates surface runoff; however, in poorly leveled or over-irrigated plots, localized waterlogging or secondary salinization risks may develop.

(World Bank – Modernization of Irrigation Infrastructure in Uzbekistan:
https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P178340)

Several structural soil-related risks must therefore be acknowledged in Uzun:

• Localized soil salinity risk, particularly in canal-fed irrigated zones;
• Surface crust formation under high evaporation and flood irrigation practices;
• Slope-induced erosion risk, especially on unprotected foothill parcels;
• Wind erosion exposure, depending on vegetation cover density;
• Progressive nutrient depletion, particularly nitrogen and micronutrients, under continuous cultivation without structured soil management.

For nursery development and modernization in Uzun, soil management must be treated as a critical design parameter from the outset. The following measures are recommended:

Comprehensive soil testing prior to final layout confirmation, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), nutrient profile, texture classification, infiltration capacity, and depth assessment;
Water quality testing, particularly salinity and mineral composition analysis, to confirm irrigation suitability;
Organic matter enhancement programs, including structured compost production and incorporation to improve soil aggregation, moisture retention, and microbial activity;
Raised-bed or container-based production systems, reducing direct exposure to variable soil conditions and improving substrate control;
Engineered surface drainage design, preventing localized water stagnation and minimizing salinity accumulation risks;
Windbreak and vegetative buffer establishment, mitigating erosion and evapotranspiration stress while stabilizing nursery microclimate conditions.

Given Uzun’s position within the Surxondaryo Basin foothill system and its irrigation-supported agricultural structure, soil structure stability, salinity monitoring, erosion control, and water-use efficiency are central determinants of long-term substrate sustainability. With appropriate soil testing, substrate management, drainage planning, and modern irrigation design, nursery production systems can be aligned with local edaphic constraints while maintaining productivity under intensified operational use.

1.3.4 Landform and Terrain Conditions

The terrain of Uzun (Sariosiyo District) and its surrounding areas is defined by a foothill–agricultural transition landscape within the Surxondaryo River basin, rather than a lowland alluvial plain system. Unlike flat steppe environments, Uzun is characterized by gently undulating to moderately sloping terrain, shaped by colluvial processes, seasonal runoff, and localized alluvial deposition along irrigation corridors.

(FAO AQUASTAT – Uzbekistan Country Profile:
https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/countries-and-basins/country-profiles/country/UZB)

The dominant landform characteristics include:

• Foothill slopes and gently inclined agricultural parcels;
• Mixed colluvial–alluvial soil formations influenced by seasonal runoff;
• Irrigation canal networks integrated into cultivated zones;
• Transitional zones between agricultural fields and pasture landscapes.

Regional irrigation and land development documentation emphasizes that southern Uzbekistan’s irrigated foothill districts rely on structured canal systems integrated into naturally variable terrain, requiring careful leveling and drainage management for stable agricultural productivity.

(World Bank – Irrigation Modernization and Sector Review, Uzbekistan:
https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P178340)

Slope gradients in the Uzun foothill zone typically range as follows:

• 2–8% across gently sloping agricultural parcels;
• Localized micro-relief variations linked to irrigation canals and access roads;
• Occasional steeper gradients in peripheral foothill sections.

These gradients have important operational implications. While moderate slopes allow natural surface runoff and reduce stagnation risk compared to flat lowlands, they require careful layout planning, erosion control measures, and proper terracing or leveling for nursery infrastructure.

(World Bank – Country Climate and Development Report: Uzbekistan:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40382)

For nursery establishment in Uzun’s foothill environment, terrain conditions provide:

• Adequate natural drainage potential, reducing long-term waterlogging risk;
• Feasible irrigation network installation with moderate elevation adjustments;
• Operational suitability for structured nursery zoning;
• However, increased need for erosion control measures on sloped parcels, especially during heavy rainfall events.

Wind exposure in open agricultural–foothill landscapes is generally moderate, with seasonal variability. While natural micro-topography provides partial buffering compared to open steppe plains, windbreak establishment remains recommended to reduce evapotranspiration losses, protect young seedlings, and stabilize nursery microclimatic conditions.

(FAO – Climate and land management guidance for arid regions:
https://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/en/)

In summary, Uzun’s terrain is defined by a foothill-based, gently sloping agricultural landscape within the Surxondaryo Basin, offering operational advantages in terms of natural drainage and micro-topographic diversity, while requiring erosion control planning, slope-adaptive layout design, and integrated irrigation management to ensure long-term nursery sustainability.

1.3.5 Water Availability and Hydrological Context

The hydrological regime of Uzun (Sariosiyo District) is shaped by its location within the Surxondaryo River basin, operating under a mixed mountain-influenced and irrigation-supported foothill system. Unlike fully lowland irrigation-dependent plains, Uzun’s water availability is influenced by mountain-fed runoff, seasonal flow variability, regulated canal systems, and localized pumping infrastructure.

According to FAO AQUASTAT, Uzbekistan’s southern regions exhibit very high irrigation dependency, with agriculture accounting for the overwhelming majority of total freshwater withdrawals, underscoring the structural importance of basin-level water management in districts such as Sariosiyo.
FAO AQUASTAT – Uzbekistan Country Profile:
https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/countries-and-basins/country-profiles/country/UZB

Within the Surxondaryo Basin, irrigation networks distribute surface water to foothill agricultural zones, including Uzun. While natural runoff contributes to basin inflows, operational water availability at the district level remains dependent on canal regulation, seasonal allocation scheduling, and pumping efficiency. World Bank irrigation modernization documentation confirms that water supply reliability in southern Uzbekistan is closely linked to infrastructure performance and allocation management systems.
World Bank – Irrigation Modernization Project, Uzbekistan:
https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P178340

Compared to fully downstream lowland systems, Uzun is less exposed to large-scale return-flow accumulation but remains vulnerable to:

• Seasonal variability in surface water delivery;
• Localized groundwater fluctuation influenced by irrigation intensity;
• Evapotranspiration-driven moisture deficits during peak summer months;
• Potential localized salinity formation in poorly drained parcels.

The World Bank Country Climate and Development Report for Uzbekistan highlights that southern regions face increasing stress from rising temperatures and intensified evapotranspiration, both of which directly affect basin hydrology and irrigation demand patterns.
World Bank – Country Climate and Development Report: Uzbekistan:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40382

As a result:

• Surface water availability is seasonally variable, particularly during peak irrigation demand periods;
• Groundwater levels may fluctuate depending on canal seepage and irrigation return flows;
• Water quality may vary depending on upstream allocation and seasonal concentration effects;
• Summer supply reliability is sensitive to allocation scheduling and pumping infrastructure functionality.

Implications for Nursery Development in Uzun

For nursery establishment within a foothill irrigation-supported basin, hydrological planning must prioritize seasonal storage capacity, efficient water distribution, and continuous monitoring, rather than relying solely on nominal canal proximity.

Key technical considerations include:

• Verification of canal flow stability and seasonal allocation reliability;
• Assessment of groundwater feasibility where supplementary abstraction may be required;
• Installation of buffer reservoirs or storage ponds to mitigate short-term supply variability;
• Adoption of high-efficiency irrigation technologies (drip or micro-sprinkler systems) to reduce evaporative losses under high summer temperatures;
• Implementation of systematic water quality monitoring protocols, including electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and mineral composition analysis;
• Integration of controlled drainage planning, preventing localized water stagnation and salinity formation within nursery compartments.

In conclusion, Uzun’s hydrological environment is defined by a mountain-influenced but irrigation-regulated basin system, exposed to seasonal allocation variability and climate-amplified evapotranspiration stress. Sustainable nursery development therefore requires integrated water management planning, infrastructure reliability assessment, and continuous hydrological monitoring, aligned with Surxondaryo Basin conditions.

1.3.6 Environmental Risks and Climate Stressors

Key environmental pressures in Uzun (Sariosiyo District) and its surrounding foothill–agricultural landscape differ from fully lowland irrigation plains and are primarily linked to semi-arid climatic exposure, slope dynamics, and irrigation-supported land use systems. The dominant environmental stressors include:

• Seasonal water deficit and irrigation dependency during prolonged summer dry periods
• Soil erosion risk on gently sloping foothill parcels, particularly where vegetative cover is insufficient
• Localized salinity accumulation in canal-fed agricultural plots with inadequate drainage
• Increasing drought intensity and extended heat waves, amplifying evapotranspiration pressure
• Extreme summer heat stress, with temperatures frequently exceeding 40°C
• Pressure on surface water resources due to high agricultural withdrawals and allocation variability

These environmental dynamics generate structural demand for:

• Drought-resistant and heat-tolerant tree species adapted to foothill semi-arid conditions
• Protective shelterbelt systems to reduce wind exposure and evapotranspiration losses
• Erosion-control oriented afforestation models, particularly on sloped and transitional land
• Agroforestry integration within irrigated farming systems to enhance soil stability and microclimate regulation
• Soil structure improvement programs, including organic matter enhancement and vegetative stabilization
• Climate-resilient green infrastructure development, reducing landscape heat stress and improving ecological buffering capacity

In the context of Uzun’s foothill Surxondaryo Basin setting, environmental management priorities are therefore centered on erosion control, irrigation efficiency, drought adaptation, and heat-resilient landscape design, rather than large-scale lowland salinity drainage interventions or mountain watershed engineering.

1.3.7 Implications for Species Selection and Nursery Typology

Given the semi-arid foothill conditions and the irrigation-supported agricultural environment of Uzun (Sariosiyo District), nursery production should prioritize species and systems adapted to heat stress, seasonal water deficit, moderate salinity risk, and elevated evapotranspiration rates.

Nursery production in Uzun should therefore prioritize:

• Heat- and drought-tolerant species capable of maintaining growth under prolonged summer temperatures exceeding 40°C
• Species adapted to foothill and moderately calcareous soils, with tolerance to localized salinity variability
• Wind-tolerant species suitable for open agricultural–foothill landscapes
• Fast-growing shelterbelt species for agricultural field protection and erosion control
• Multipurpose agroforestry-compatible stock, integrating economic and ecological functions within irrigated and rain-fed farming systems

Given Uzun’s mid-elevation setting (approximately 560 m above sea level), frost tolerance remains relevant during occasional winter cold events; however, heat resilience, drought tolerance, and water-use efficiency represent the primary ecological selection criteria.

Nursery production systems in Uzun should integrate:

• Structured open-field seedbeds for hardy, drought-adapted and locally resilient species
• Containerized (closed-root) production blocks to improve survival under high-temperature and water-stress conditions
• Hardening zones designed to acclimatize seedlings to intense solar radiation and dry atmospheric conditions prior to outplanting
• Efficient irrigation systems (preferably drip or micro-sprinkler systems) to reduce evaporative losses and improve water-use efficiency
• Composting and substrate preparation units to enhance soil structure, organic matter content, and moisture retention capacity
• Windbreak installations within nursery compartments to stabilize microclimatic conditions and reduce evapotranspiration pressure

In Uzun’s foothill Surxondaryo Basin context, nursery design must therefore emphasize drought resilience, irrigation efficiency, soil structure improvement, microclimate stabilization, and adaptive species-site matching, ensuring alignment with the environmental realities of a semi-arid, irrigation-supported foothill landscape.

1.3.8. Integrated Technical Conclusion

Uzun (Sariosiyo District) presents a technically feasible and environmentally strategic foothill environment for forest nursery establishment. Its biophysical context is shaped by its location within the Surxondaryo River basin, characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions and irrigation-supported agricultural systems.

According to FAO AQUASTAT, southern Uzbekistan falls within a high irrigation-dependency zone, where agriculture accounts for the overwhelming majority of freshwater withdrawals, underscoring the structural importance of efficient water management in districts such as Sariosiyo.
FAO AQUASTAT – Uzbekistan Country Profile:
https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/countries-and-basins/country-profiles/country/UZB

Climatically, the World Bank Country Climate and Development Report for Uzbekistan highlights that southern regions are increasingly exposed to:

• Rising temperatures;
• Increasing evapotranspiration rates;
• Growing seasonal water stress;
• Heightened climate variability affecting irrigation reliability.

World Bank – Country Climate and Development Report (Uzbekistan):
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40382

Within the Surxondaryo Basin, irrigation networks and canal systems regulate water distribution to foothill agricultural landscapes. Infrastructure performance, seasonal allocation management, and pumping efficiency are decisive in maintaining production stability, as emphasized in World Bank irrigation modernization assessments.
World Bank – Irrigation Modernization Project (Uzbekistan):
https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P178340

Based on these verified sources, Uzun’s biophysical characteristics include:

• Mid-elevation setting (~560 m a.s.l.) within a foothill–agricultural transition zone;
• Annual precipitation approximately 300–400 mm, concentrated in winter and early spring (FAO AQUASTAT);
• Extreme summer temperatures frequently exceeding 40°C (World Bank CCDR);
• High evapotranspiration and seasonal irrigation dependency;
• Foothill alluvial–colluvial soils with localized salinity exposure risk;
• Gently sloping terrain, requiring erosion-conscious layout planning;
• Lower large-scale salinity vulnerability than lowland basins, but higher slope-related erosion exposure.

From a technical perspective, Uzun provides operational advantages in natural drainage potential and micro-topographic diversity, yet requires strengthened climate-adaptive planning to ensure long-term resilience.

According to World Bank irrigation modernization analysis, infrastructure reliability, water-use efficiency, and drainage performance remain decisive in maintaining soil productivity and mitigating climate-amplified water stress.
https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P178340

Therefore, nursery establishment in Uzun should incorporate:

• High-efficiency irrigation systems (drip or micro-sprinkler) to optimize water use under high evaporation conditions;
• Slope-adaptive drainage and surface runoff management systems;
• Systematic soil testing and organic matter enhancement programs;
• Microclimate control measures, including shade systems and windbreak installations;
• Continuous water quality monitoring (EC, pH, mineral content);
• Species-site matching, prioritizing heat- and drought-tolerant species adapted to semi-arid foothill environments.

Based on FAO and World Bank assessments, Uzun’s foothill basin environment is characterized by structural irrigation dependency, increasing climate stress, and evapotranspiration pressure, rather than extreme lowland salinity dominance. However, with properly engineered irrigation efficiency, erosion control planning, and microclimate stabilization systems, the area is technically suitable for climate-smart nursery development aligned with international best practice and RESILAND CA++ restoration objectives.

The key determinants of long-term success in Uzun are:

• Water-use efficiency
• Drought and heat resilience
• Infrastructure reliability
• Slope-aware erosion control
• Climate-resilient species selection

Thus, while requiring climate-adaptive and slope-conscious design measures, Uzun remains a viable and strategically important location for nursery establishment under a modernized, resilience-oriented development framework.

1.4 Field Mission and Site Assessment Findings

1.4.1. Visit to Uzun State Forestry Directorate and Proposed Nursery Area

Within the scope of the RESILAND CA+ field mission to Surxondaryo Region (Surxondaryo viloyati), a site visit was conducted to the Uzun State Forestry Directorate (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi) and its existing forest nursery facility located in Sariosiyo District (Sariosiyo tumani).

The mission aimed to assess the current operational status of the nursery, evaluate ongoing and planned modernization measures, verify site-specific physical conditions, and review the technical documentation and layout plans prepared by the Directorate.

The delegation met with Ramziddin Nizameddinov, Director of Uzun State Forestry. During the meeting, Mr. Nizameddinov provided detailed information on the nursery, including its location within Sariosiyo District, total area, functional layout components, species portfolio, irrigation infrastructure, and phased development approach.

Ramziddin Nizameddinov – Director, Uzun State Forestry
Mobile: +998 99 671 71 07

The discussion was supported by officially prepared and signed documents, including nursery layout plans, GIS-based area measurements, infrastructure schematics (water reservoir and pumping station), and species production lists reviewed during the visit.

1.4.2. Reviewing Uzun Nursery

1.4.3 Observation and Strategic Assessment

Field observations and geospatial verification confirm that the existing Uzun Forest Nursery (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ko‘chatxonasi) presents favorable physical, institutional, and operational conditions for comprehensive modernization and technical upgrading.

The nursery is located within the administrative boundaries of Sariosiyo District (Sariosiyo tumani), Surxondaryo Region (Surxondaryo viloyati), at approximately 38°22’56” N – 67°58’23” E, at an elevation of approximately 560 meters above sea level. The facility is situated directly adjacent to the Uzun State Forestry Directorate (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ma’muriy binosi) within the Sariosiyo town center, forming an institutional campus-based production system.

Rather than establishing a new nursery, the project aims to modernize and restructure the existing operational facility through spatial reorganization, infrastructure upgrading, and the integration of climate-resilient production systems.

The proposed modernization layout (“Uzun Davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi tomonidan tashkil qilinishi rejalashtirilgan namunali ko‘chatxona taklif loyihasi”) reorganizes approximately 7.01 hectares into clearly defined functional compartments. This restructuring strengthens production efficiency while maintaining the institutional character of the site.

The upgraded zoning framework includes:

• Ko‘chatlar bo‘limi (Seedling Production Sections) – 0.9 ha + 0.6 ha
• Nihol bo‘limi (Seedbed / Early Propagation Sections) – 1.10 ha + 0.4 ha
• Qalamcha bo‘limi (Cutting Propagation Section) – 1.0 ha
• Onalik plantatsiyasi bo‘limi (Mother Plantation Section) – 1.0 ha
• Tuvakli ko‘chatlar bo‘limi (Containerized Seedling Section) – 0.4 ha
• Yirik hajmli ko‘chatlar bo‘limi (Large-Size Planting Stock Section) – 0.6 ha
• Issiqxona (Greenhouse Complex) – 1.0 ha
• Soyabon (Shade / Hardening Area) – 0.012 ha

This configuration does not represent an expansion into new land but rather a functional upgrading of existing production areas to meet modern nursery standards.

The terrain within the campus parcel remains generally flat and technically suitable for modernization, enabling:

• Reconfiguration of irrigation zones
• Installation of high-efficiency systems
• Improvement of internal circulation
• Drainage upgrading
• Reduction of operational inefficiencies

The institutional campus setting continues to provide strong governance oversight, logistical stability, and integration with administrative functions. Key modernization advantages include:

• Immediate supervision and management coordination
• Shared electricity and water infrastructure
• Controlled site security
• Demonstration and training potential under RESILAND CA++

The upgraded production structure supports a diversified species portfolio including:

• Coniferous species (Ignabargli daraxtlar)
• Broadleaved species (Keng bargli daraxtlar)
• Ornamental species (Manzarali daraxt va butalar)
• Shrub species (Butasimon turlar)

The modernization strategy strengthens the nursery’s capacity to support:

• Afforestation and reforestation (O‘rmon barpo etish va qayta tiklash)
• Shelterbelt development (Himoya o‘rmonlari barpo etish)
• Urban landscaping (Ko‘kalamzorlashtirish)
• Climate adaptation and land restoration (Iqlim moslashuvi va yer degradatsiyasini tiklash)

Given the semi-arid continental climate of Sariosiyo District—characterized by summer temperatures exceeding 40°C and seasonal irrigation dependency—the modernization effort prioritizes:

• High-efficiency irrigation systems (tomchilatib sug‘orish yoki mikro-sprinkler tizimlari)
• Engineered drainage improvement (muhandislik drenaj tizimi)
• Microclimate stabilization through expanded shade and greenhouse infrastructure
• Water-use efficiency monitoring (EC/pH nazorati)
• Integration of controlled propagation technologies

In conclusion, the Uzun Forest Nursery is not being newly established but is undergoing systematic modernization and capacity enhancement. Through spatial reorganization, infrastructure upgrading, and climate-adaptive improvements, the existing facility will evolve into a strengthened regional model nursery (namunali ko‘chatxona) capable of meeting contemporary afforestation and restoration demands in Surxondaryo Region.

1.4.4 Water Resources and Hydrogeological Feasibility

The nursery site is located within the administrative boundaries of Sariosiyo District (Sariosiyo tumani), Surxondaryo Region (Surxondaryo viloyati), at approximately 38°22’56” N – 67°58’23” E, and an elevation of approximately 560 meters above sea level. The facility is situated within and immediately adjacent to the Uzun State Forestry Directorate compound (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ma’muriy binosi) in the Sariosiyo town center.

This urban-institutional setting differentiates the Uzun Forest Nursery from rural agricultural or basin-plain irrigation systems. The nursery operates as an existing campus-based forestry production unit, where water supply is linked to regulated municipal and basin-fed surface water systems, supplemented by on-site pumping and storage infrastructure.

According to FAO AQUASTAT, agriculture accounts for the dominant share of freshwater withdrawals in Uzbekistan (approximately 90%), underscoring the country’s structural irrigation dependency. Although the Uzun nursery is located within an urban administrative compound, its production blocks remain irrigation-dependent during the primary growing season due to the semi-arid continental climate of southern Uzbekistan.

Source:
https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/countries-and-basins/country-profiles/country/UZB

Water availability for the nursery is therefore influenced not by proximity to large open irrigation canals in lowland plains, but by:

Reliability of local regulated surface water supply within the Surxondaryo River basin (Surxondaryo havzasi)
Operational performance of internal pumping systems
Energy availability for irrigation distribution
Adequacy of on-site reservoir storage

World Bank irrigation modernization assessments confirm that in Uzbekistan, water delivery reliability depends on infrastructure performance, allocation management, and energy continuity.

Source:
https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P178340

Hydrogeologically, the urban foothill setting at 560 m elevation does not present the same structural salinity risks associated with flat, lowland irrigated plains. However, the following localized risks remain relevant:

• Seasonal groundwater variability depending on irrigation intensity
• Potential localized salinity accumulation under inadequate drainage
• High evapotranspiration during summer months (temperatures frequently exceeding 40°C)
• Increased irrigation demand during prolonged dry periods

The World Bank Country Climate and Development Report highlights increasing temperature trends and evapotranspiration stress in southern Uzbekistan, reinforcing the importance of water-use efficiency and climate-resilient irrigation planning.

Source:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40382

Given the urban campus context and the approximately 7.01-hectare structured production layout, sustainable modernization of the existing Uzun Forest Nursery will require:

• Upgrading to high-efficiency irrigation systems (preferably tomchilatib sug‘orish or micro-sprinkler systems)
• Engineering rehabilitation of internal drainage networks (muhandislik drenaj tizimi)
• Zonal irrigation management aligned with the compartmentalized production blocks
• Continuous monitoring of water quality parameters (EC, pH, salinity)
• Verification of reservoir storage capacity relative to peak summer demand

Hydrologically, the site is technically feasible for continued operation and modernization, provided that irrigation efficiency, drainage performance, and water-use optimization measures are systematically integrated into the detailed design and upgrading phase.

1.4.5 Energy Infrastructure and Accessibility

The nursery site benefits from established urban-level energy and transport infrastructure, as it is located within the administrative compound of the Uzun State Forestry Directorate (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ma’muriy binosi) in the center of Sariosiyo town (Sariosiyo tumani), Surxondaryo Region (Surxondaryo viloyati).

Unlike rural agricultural nursery sites, the Uzun facility operates within a municipal infrastructure network. Electricity supply is available through the town grid system, enabling the operation of:

• Irrigation pumping systems
• Greenhouse facilities (Issiqxona)
• Administrative and service buildings
• Potential in-vitro laboratory components

However, irrigation pumping and controlled-environment production remain operationally dependent on stable and uninterrupted power supply, particularly during peak summer months when irrigation demand is highest.

Accessibility is strengthened by the nursery’s central location within Sariosiyo town, providing:

• Immediate proximity to the Forestry Directorate headquarters
• Direct connection to paved municipal roads
• Access to district-level transport corridors within Surxondaryo Region
• Year-round vehicular access due to generally flat terrain

Unlike previously referenced rural sites located at significant distance from urban centers, the Uzun nursery does not rely on remote agricultural road networks. Its institutional campus setting ensures logistical stability, simplified material transport, and ease of supervision.

No significant geographical, topographical, or infrastructural barriers to modernization and upgrading were identified. The urban-adjacent configuration enhances operational continuity, security, and integration with district-level forestry management systems.

1.4.7 Integrated Strategic Conclusion of the Field Assessment

The integrated field assessment confirms that the existing Uzun Forest Nursery (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ko‘chatxonasi) demonstrates strong technical and operational potential for systematic modernization across biophysical, institutional, and structural dimensions.

From a biophysical perspective, the site benefits from generally flat to gently leveled terrain within the institutional campus of the Uzun State Forestry Directorate (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ma’muriy binosi) in Sariosiyo District (Sariosiyo tumani), Surxondaryo Region (Surxondaryo viloyati). Located at approximately 38°22’56” N – 67°58’23” E and an elevation of about 560 meters above sea level, the terrain allows efficient internal reorganization, irrigation upgrading, and phased infrastructure improvement without significant earthworks or slope constraints.

The proposed modernization layout reorganizes approximately 7.01 hectares into clearly defined production compartments, enabling improved spatial efficiency and structured operational management. Unlike rural lowland agricultural nurseries, the Uzun facility is embedded within an urban institutional compound, ensuring stable access to electricity, transport infrastructure, and administrative supervision.

From an institutional and structural standpoint, the modernization project demonstrates a high level of readiness. The existence of a structured layout plan (“Uzun Davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi tomonidan tashkil qilinishi rejalashtirilgan namunali ko‘chatxona taklif loyihasi”) provides a clear spatial framework for upgrading existing operations. Production zoning is logically organized, separating:

• Nihol bo‘limi (Seedbed / Early Propagation Sections)
• Qalamcha bo‘limi (Cutting Propagation Section)
• Tuvakli ko‘chatlar bo‘limi (Containerized Production)
• Yirik hajmli ko‘chatlar bo‘limi (Large-Size Planting Stock)
• Ko‘chatlar bo‘limi (Primary Seedling Sections)
• Onalik plantatsiyasi bo‘limi (Mother Plantation Section)
• Issiqxona (Greenhouse Complex)
• Soyabon (Shade / Hardening Area)

The diversified species portfolio supports afforestation, shelterbelt establishment, urban landscaping, and climate-adaptive planting objectives within Surxondaryo Region. The presence of a dedicated Onalik plantatsiyasi significantly strengthens internal propagation capacity, ensuring genetic control and reducing dependence on external seed sources.

Despite these strengths, several environmental and climate-related constraints must be acknowledged. The nursery operates within a semi-arid continental climate characterized by:

• Summer temperatures frequently exceeding 40°C
• High evapotranspiration rates
• Seasonal irrigation dependency
• Concentrated winter precipitation

Although the site is not located within a lowland irrigated plain, irrigation remains structurally essential during the growing season. Localized salinity and drainage issues may occur if irrigation efficiency is not optimized, particularly under high evaporation conditions.

Overall, the existing Uzun Nursery is assessed as technically viable and strategically justified for modernization. However, long-term sustainability and climate resilience will depend on the implementation of targeted engineering and management measures, including:

• Optimization of irrigation efficiency through high-efficiency systems (tomchilatib sug‘orish yoki mikro-sprinkler tizimlari);
• Rehabilitation and engineering improvement of internal drainage systems (muhandislik drenaj tizimi);
• Verification and, if necessary, upgrading of on-site water storage capacity relative to peak summer demand;
• Expansion and strengthening of climate-control infrastructure, including shade systems (Soyabon) and greenhouse (Issiqxona) upgrades;
• Integration of water-use monitoring systems (EC, pH, salinity control) aligned with the compartmentalized 7.01-hectare layout.

Provided that these modernization measures are incorporated during the detailed design and implementation phases, the Uzun Forest Nursery has the capacity to evolve into a climate-resilient, institutionally anchored, and technically upgraded model nursery (namunali ko‘chatxona) aligned with contemporary nursery development standards and the objectives of RESILAND CA++.

1.5 Conclusion of First Assessment & Feasibility Report

The First Assessment & Feasibility evaluation confirms that the existing Uzun Forest Nursery (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ko‘chatxonasi) is geographically suitable, institutionally well-positioned, and strategically aligned with regional afforestation, climate adaptation, and restoration objectives.

Unlike a greenfield establishment, the Uzun nursery is an operational and functioning facility, located within the administrative compound of the Uzun State Forestry Directorate (Uzun davlat o‘rmon xo‘jaligi ma’muriy binosi) in the center of Sariosiyo District (Sariosiyo tumani), Surxondaryo Region (Surxondaryo viloyati), at approximately 560 meters elevation.

The site is embedded within a stable institutional campus environment. The existing infrastructure, internal layout, and production blocks demonstrate that the nursery has historically functioned as an active forestry production unit. The condition and scale of the Forestry Directorate buildings indicate that the institution has previously operated at a relatively high level of organizational and operational capacity.

No fundamental environmental, institutional, geographical, or logistical constraints were identified that would prevent continued operation or modernization of the nursery.

However, the assessment clearly indicates that the facility requires systematic modernization and technical upgrading in order to meet contemporary climate-resilient nursery standards and to fully support RESILAND CA++ objectives.

The modernization strategy should prioritize:

• Detailed hydraulic and irrigation system redesign, including high-efficiency systems (tomchilatib sug‘orish yoki mikro-sprinkler tizimlari)
• Rehabilitation and engineering improvement of internal drainage infrastructure (muhandislik drenaj tizimi)
• Verification and optimization of water storage capacity relative to peak summer demand
• Structured water-use monitoring (EC, pH, salinity control)
• Reorganization of production zones within the approximately 7.01-hectare layout
• Upgrading of greenhouse (Issiqxona) and shade (Soyabon) infrastructure

Given its institutional campus setting and available building stock, the site also presents strong feasibility for establishing an in-vitro (tissue culture) laboratory (to‘qima madaniyati laboratoriyasi). The integration of a controlled propagation facility would significantly strengthen genetic resource management, improve planting material quality, and position Uzun as a regional innovation hub in forestry propagation.

Furthermore, due to its location within the Forestry Directorate compound and its structured layout, the nursery has strong potential to function as a Forestry Training and Demonstration Center (O‘rmon maktabi yoki o‘quv-amaliy markaz). Such a function would support:

• Capacity building for district forestry staff
• Practical training in climate-resilient nursery management
• Demonstration of modern irrigation and propagation systems
• Knowledge transfer under RESILAND CA++

In conclusion, the Uzun Forest Nursery is not only technically feasible for modernization but also institutionally and strategically positioned to evolve into a regional model nursery (namunali ko‘chatxona) with integrated production, training, and innovation functions.

Subject to the implementation of targeted engineering upgrades, climate-adaptive production systems, and institutional capacity strengthening, the existing Uzun Nursery is assessed as:

• Technically viable
• Institutionally anchored
• Strategically justified
• Expandable within its campus structure
• Suitable for advanced propagation integration
• Aligned with international best practice standards for climate-smart nursery modernization in semi-arid environments

Accordingly, the modernization of the Uzun Forest Nursery is considered feasible, justified, and strategically significant within the framework of national forestry development and RESILAND CA++ objectives.

Phase 4-Uzun Nursery-First Assessment & Feasibility Report

Phase 4-Uzun Nursery-First Assessment & Feasibility Report

Introduction

1. Introduction, Context and Policy Framework

1.1 Strategic Positioning of the Uzun Nursery within RESILAND CA++

1.2 Alignment with the Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy and National Environmental Priorities

1.3 District Context: Uzun / Sariosiyo District, Surxondaryo Region